What is this document?
INDG402, "Safe Use of Ladders and Stepladders", provides practical guidance on using portable ladders safely at work. The document has been updated over time and the current guidance is now published jointly with the Ladder Association as LA455.
Falls from ladders and stepladders account for around a third of all reported fall-from-height incidents, causing on average 14 deaths and over 1,200 major injuries to workers each year. Many of these injuries result from inappropriate or incorrect use of the equipment.
Who needs to read this?
This document is important for:
- Employers whose staff use ladders for any work task
- Self-employed tradespeople and contractors
- Landlords and property managers who access properties
- Facilities and maintenance staff
- Anyone who selects, provides, or uses ladders at work
- Those responsible for training workers who use ladders
Key points covered
The guidance addresses the key questions about ladder use:
When to use a ladder
- Ladders are not banned - they can be a sensible choice for low-risk, short-duration tasks
- Consider whether a ladder is the right equipment for the job
- If a task involves staying up a ladder for more than 30 minutes consistently, consider alternative equipment
- Only use ladders where they will be stable and level
Selecting the right ladder
- Choose the right type for the task (leaning ladders, stepladders, combination ladders, telescopic ladders)
- Ensure it's the right height for the work
- Check load capacity matches your needs
- Consider the work environment and access requirements
Safe use principles
- Ensure the ladder is in good condition before use
- Place on a firm, level surface
- Secure the ladder where reasonably practicable
- Maintain three points of contact when climbing
- Don't overreach - keep your belt buckle within the stiles
- Don't carry heavy or awkward loads up a ladder
- Never stand on the top three rungs of a leaning ladder
Inspection and maintenance
- Inspect ladders before each use
- Look for damage, cracks, splits, corrosion, or missing parts
- Take damaged ladders out of service immediately
- Keep ladders clean and store them properly
How this applies to you
Falls from height remain one of the biggest causes of workplace death and injury. Even a fall from a relatively low height can cause serious injury.
For employers and the self-employed:
- Assess whether a ladder is the right equipment for each task
- Provide training on safe ladder use
- Ensure ladders are inspected regularly and maintained in good condition
- Consider whether scaffolding, mobile elevated work platforms, or podium steps would be safer alternatives
For landlords and property managers:
- Think about the tasks you or your contractors use ladders for
- Ensure any contractors you engage use ladders safely
- Consider access requirements when maintaining your properties
Ladders should not automatically be your first choice. The Work at Height Regulations require you to avoid work at height where possible, or use equipment that prevents falls (like scaffolding with guard rails) before equipment that minimises distance or consequences of a fall.
Related Safety Clarity content
- Working at height guidance - The full picture on preventing falls
- Workplace safety fundamentals - Core health and safety duties
- Construction sector guidance - Height work is a major construction risk
- Landlord requirements - Safety duties when maintaining properties
Source: HSE - INDG402 | Current guidance: HSE - Safe use of ladders
Disclaimer: This summary is for information only. Always refer to the official HSE publication for the complete guidance. For specific advice about your situation, consult a qualified health and safety professional.